Genetic Influences in Drug Abuse / Table 2

TABLE 2. Family studies drug abuse

				Percent relatives affected
Investigators	Year	N	Proband’s primary drug dependence	Father	Mother	Father or mother	Brother	Sister	Brother or sister	First degree
Drug abusers
Polisch^a	1933	66	Opiate	2	5	3^b	4	5	4^b
Smith et al.^a	1966	100	Opiate			4			14
Vaillant^a	1966	100	Opiate			1			24^c
Ellinwood et al.^a	1966	111	Opiate	3	0	2^c	14	4	9^c
O’Donnell^a	1969	266	Opiate	3	2	3^c			5^c
Hawks et al.	1969	74	Amphetamines	3	4	4^c			16
Willis^a	1969	50	Opiate			6^c			8^c
Willis^a	1971	100	Opiate	0	0	0			8
Hill et al.	1977	114	Opiate	1	0	1^c	18	5	12
Maddux et al.^a	1989	235	Opiate	0	⁰^b	0^b	20^b	3^b	12^b	8^b
Mirin et al.	1991	350	Mixed							9
Rounsaville	1991	201	Opiate			12			37	20
Luthar et al.	1992
Luthar et al.	1993	298	Cocaine	6	4	5^c	40	22	33^c

Controls		N		Male	Female	Either
ECA Sample		9339		7	4	6
Rounsaville		360^d				3

^a See references in ref. 15.

^b Opiate dependence of relatives assessed; data omitted from summary.

^c Estimated from presented data.

^d 80 probands.