Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs

Herbert Y. Meltzer


REFERENCES

1. Alvir JMJ, Lieberman JA, Safferman AZ, Schwimmer JL, Schaaf JA. Clozapine-induced agranulocytosis incidence and risk factors in the United States. New Engl J Med 1993;329:162–167.

2. Baker RW, Chengappa KN, Baird JW, Steengard S, Christ MA, Schooler NR. Emergence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms during treatment with clozapine. J Clin Psychiatry 1992;53:439–442.

3. Baldessarini R, Frankenburg FR. Clozapine: a novel antipsychotic agent. New Engl J Med 1991;324:746–754.

4. Barnas C, Swierzina H, Hummer M, Sperner-Unterweger B, Stern A, Fleishchacker WW. Granulocyte-macrophase colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) treatment of clozapine-induced agranulocytosis: a case report. J Clin Psychiatry 1992;53:245–247.

5. Bankert O, Grüner G, Wetzel H. Dopamine autoreceptor agonists in the treatment of schizophrenia and major depression. Pharmacopsychiatry 1992;25:254–260.

6. Bersani G, Bressa GM, Meco G, Pozzi F. Mixed D2 and S2 antagonism in a preliminary study with risperidone (R64766). Hum Psychopharmacol 1990;5:225–231.

7. Björk A, Bergman I, Gustavsson G. Amperozide in the treatment of Schizophrenic patients: a preliminary report. In: Meltzer HY, ed. Novel atypical antipsychotic drugs. New York: Raven Press; 1992:47–58.

8. Blake LM, Marks RC, Luchins DJ. Reversible neuroleptic symptoms with clozapine. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1992;12:297–298.

9. Borison RL, Diamond BI, Pathiragja A, Meibach RC. Clinical overview of risperidone. In: Meltzer HY, ed. Novel atypical antipsychotic drugs. New York: Raven Press; 1992:223–239.

10. Brier A, Buchanan RW, Kirkpatrick B, Davis OR, Irish D, Sumnerfelt, Carpenter WT. Effects of clozapine on positive and negative symptoms in outpatients with schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1994;151:20–26.

11. Calabrese JR, Meltzer HY, Markovitz PJ. Clozapine prophylaxis in rapid cycling: bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1991; 11:396–397.

12. Casey DE. Clozapine: neuroleptic-induced EPS and tardive dyskinesia. Psychopharmacol Suppl 1989;99:S47–S53.

13. Castelao JF, Ferrerira L, Gelders YG, Heylen SLE. The efficacy of the D2 and 5-HT2 antagonist risperidone (R64766) in the treatment of chronic psychoses. An open dose finding study. Schiz Res 1989;2:411–415.

14. Chouinard G, Jones B, Remington G, et al. A Canadian multicenter placebo-controlled study of fixed doses of risperidone and haloperidol in the treatment of chronic schizophrenic patients. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1993;13:35–40.

15. Christensson EG. Amperozide and some other atypical compounds with antipsychotic effect. In: Meltzer HY, ed. Novel atypical antipsychotic drugs. New York: Raven Press; 1992:19–32.

16. Claus A, Bollen J, de Cuyper H, et al. Risperidone versus haloperidol in the treatment of chronic schizophrenic inpatients: a multicentre double-blind comparative study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1992; 85:295–305.

17. DeVeaugh-Geiss J, McBain S, Gooksey PG, Bell JM. The effects of a novel 5-HT3 antagonist, ondansetron, in schizophrenia: results from uncontrolled trials. In: Meltzer HY, ed. Novel atypical antipsychotic drugs. New York: Raven Press; 1992:225–232.

18. Devinsky O, Honigfeld G, Patin J. Clozapine-related seizures. Neurology 1991;41:369–371.

19. Friedman JH, Lannon MC. Clozapine in the treatment of psychosis in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1989;39:1219–1221.

20. Friedman L, Knutson L, Shurell M, Meltzer HY. Prefrontal sulcal prominence is inversely related to response to clozapine in schizophrenic patients. Biol Psychiatry 1991;29:865–877.

21. Gerson SL, Meltzer HY. Mechanisms of clozapine-induced agranulocytosis. Drug Safety 1992;7:17–25.

22. Gerlach J, Casey DE. Drug treatment of schizophrenia: myths and realities. Curr Opin Psychiatry 1994;7:65–70.

23. Hagger C, Buckley P, Kenny JT, Friedman L, Ubogy D, Meltzer HY. Improvement in cognitive function and psychiatric symptoms in treatment-refractory schizophrenic patients receiving clozapine. Biol Psychiatry 1993;34:702–712.

24. Hasegawa M, Gutierrez-Esteinou R, Way L, Meltzer HY. Relationship between clinical efficacy and clozapine plasma concentrations in schizophrenia: effect of smoking. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1993;13:383–390.

25. Hirose A, Kato T, Ohno Y, et al. Pharmacological actions of SM-9018, a new neuroleptic drug with both potent 5-hydroxytryptamine2 and dopamine2 antagonistic actions. Jap J Pharmacol 1990;53:321–329.

26. Jann MW, Grimstey SR, Gray EC, Change W-H. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of clozapine. Clin Pharmacokinet 1993; 24:161–176.

27. Kane J, Honigfeld G, Singer J, Meltzer HY, the Clozaril Collaborative Study Group. Clozapine for the treatment-resistant schizophrenic: a double-blind comparison with chlorpromazine. Arch Genl Psychiatry 1988;45:789–796.

28. Köhler C, Hall H, Magnusson O, Lewander T, Gustaffson K. Biochemical pharmacology of the atypical neuroleptic remoxipride. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1990;82(Suppl 358):27–36.

29. Krupp P, Barnes P. LeponexÒ -associated granulocytopenia: a review of the situation. Psychopharmacol Suppl 1989;99:S118–S121.

30. Leadbetter R, Schulty M, Pavalonis D, Vieweg V, Hippius P, Downs P. Clozapine-induced weight gain: prevalence and clinical relevance. Am J Psychiatry 1992;149:68–72.

31. Lee HS, Kwon KY, Alphs LD, Meltzer HY. Buspirone does not produce a 5-HT1A-mediated decrease in temperature in man. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1991;11:222–223.

32. Lewander T, Westerberg S-E, Morrison D. Clinical of remoxipride—a combined analysis of a comparative double-blind, multicentre trial programme. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1990;82(Suppl 358):92–98.

33. Leysen JC, Gommeren W, Eens A, de Chaffoy de Courcelles D, Stoff JC. Janssen PAJ. Biochemical profile of risperidone, a new antipsychotic. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1988;247:661–670.

34. Lieberman JA, Kane JM, Johns CA. Clozapine: guidelines for clinical management. J Clin Psychiatry 1989;50:329–338.

35. Lieberman JA, Saltz BL, Johns CA, Pollack S, Borenstein M, Kane J. The effect of clozapine on tardive dyskinesia. Br J Psychiatry 1991;158:503–510.

36. Lindström LH, The effect of long-term treatment with clozapine in schizophrenia: a retrospective study in 96 patients treated with clozapine for up to 13 years. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1988;77:524–529.

37. Luikkonen J, Kopenen HJ, Nousiainen J. Clinical picture and long-term course of epileptic seizures that occur during clozapine treatment. Psychiatry Res 1992;44:107–112.

38. McGlashan TH. A selective review of recent North American long-term follow-up studies of schizophrenia. Schiz Bull 1988;14:515–542.

39. McHugh D, Coffin V. The reversal of extrapyramidal side effects with SCh 39166, a dopamine D1 receptor antagonist. Eur J Pharmacol 1991;202:133–134.

40. Megens AA, Awouters FH, Niemegeers CJ. Differential effects of the new antipsychotic risperidone on large and small motor movements in rats: a comparison with haloperidol. Psychopharmacology 1988;95:493–496.

41. Meltzer HY. Duration of a clozapine trial in neuroleptic-resistant schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1989;46:672.

42. Meltzer HY. The mechanism of action of novel antipsychotic drugs. Schiz Bull 1991;17:263–287.

43. Meltzer HY. Treatment of the neuroleptic non-responsive schizophrenic patient. Schiz Bull 1992;18:515–542.

44. Meltzer HY. The concept of atypical antipsychotics. In: den Boer JA, Westenberg HGM, van Praag HM, eds. Advances in the Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, London: Wiley (in press).

45. Meltzer HY, Bastani B, Kwon KY, Ramirez LF, Burnett S, Sharpe J. A prospective study of clozapine in treatment-resistant patients: I: preliminary report. Psychopharmacol Suppl 1989;99:S68–S72.

46. Meltzer HY, Burnett S, Bastani B, Ramirez LF. Effect of six months of clozapine treatment on the quality of life of chronic schizophrenic patients. Hosp Commun Psychiatry 1990;41:892–897.

47. Meltzer HY, Cola P, Way L, et al. Cost effectiveness of clozapine in neuroleptic-resistant schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1993; 150:1630–1638.

48. Meltzer HY, Koenig JI, Nash JF, Gudelsky GA. Acta Psychiatrica Scand 1989;80(Suppl 352):24–26 (Sedval G, Suppl ed.).

49. Meltzer HY, Matsubara S, Lee J-C. Classification of typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs on the basis of dopamine D-1, D-2 and serotonin2 pKi values. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1989;251:238–246.

50. Mesotten F, Suy E, Pictquin M, Burton P, Heylen S, Gelders Y. Therapeutic effect and safety of increasing doses of risperidone (R 64 766) in psychotic patients. Psychopharmacology 1989;99: 445–449.

51. Michaels ML, Crimson ML, Robert S, Childs A. Clozapine response and adverse effects in nine brain-injured patients. J Clin Psychopharmacology 1993;13:192–203.

52. Miller DD, Perry PJ, Cadoret RJ, Andreasen NC. Clozapine's effects on negative symptoms in treatment-refractory schizophrenics. Comprehen Psychiatry 1994;35:8–15.

53. Moore NA, Tye NC, Axton MS, Risius RC. The behavioral pharmacology of olanzepine, a novel "atypical" antipsychotic agent. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1992;262:545–551.

54. Musacchio JM. The psychotomimetic effects of opiates and the a receptor. Neuropsychopharmacology 1990;3:191–200.

55. Naber D, Leppig M, Grohmann R, Hippius H. Efficacy and adverse effects of clozapine in the treatment of schizophrenia and tardive dyskinesia—a retrospective study of 387 patients. Psychopharmacol Supple 1989;99:S73–S76.

56. Ögren S-O, Florvall L, Hall H, Magnusson O, Ängeby-Möller K. Neuropharmacological and behavioral properties of remoxipride in the rat. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1990;82(Suppl 358):21–26.

57. Palfreyman MG, Sorensen SM, Baron BM, Humphreys TM, Moser PC, Dudley MW. Antipsychotic potential of 5-HT3 antagonists: preclinical data. In: Meltzer HY, ed. Novel atypical antipsychotic drugs. New York: Raven Press; 1992:211–224.

58. Parsa M, Al-Lanhram Y, Ramirez LF, Meltzer HY. Prolonged psychotic relapse after abrupt clozapine withdrawal. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1993;13:154–155.

59. Parsa MA, Ramirez LF, Loula EC, Meltzer HY. Effect of clozapine on psychotic depression and Parkinsonism. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1991;11:330–331.

60. Perry PJ, Miller DD, Arndt SV, Cadoret RJ. Clozapine and norclozapine plasma concentrations and clinical response of treatment-refractory schizophrenic patients. Am J Psychiatry 1991;148:231–235.

61. Pope HG Jr, McElroy SL, Keek PE, Hudson JI. Valproate in the treatment of acute mania. Arch Genl Psychiatry 1991;44:113–118.

62. Pugsley TA, Christofferson CM, Corbin A, et al. Pharmacological characterization of PD 118717, a putative piperazinyl benzopyranone dopamine autoreceptor agonist. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1992;263:1147–1158.

63. Revicki DA, Luce BR, Wechsler JM, Brown RE, Adler MA. Cost-effectiveness of clozapine for treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients. Hosp Commun Psychiatry 1990;41:850–855.

64. Saller CF, Salama AI. Seroquel: biochemical profile of a potential atypical antipsychotic. Psychopharmacology 1993;112:285–292.

65. Seymour PA, Seegar TF, Guanowsky V, Robinson GL, Howard H, Heym J. Behavioral pharmacology of CP-88,059, a new antipsychotic with both 5-HT2 and D2 antagonist properties. Neurosci Abstr 1993;19:599.

66. Sitsen JMA, Vrijmoed-de Vries MC. Org 5222: preliminary clinical results. In: Meltzer HY, ed. Novel Atypical Antipsychotic drugs. New York: Raven Press; 1992:15–28.

67. Skarsfeldt T, Perregaard J. Sertindole, a new neuroleptic with extreme selectivity on A10 versus A9 dopamine neurons in the rat. Eur J Pharmacol 1990;182:613–614.

68. Sokoloff P, Martres M-P, Giros B, Bouthenet M-L, Schwartz J-C. The third dopamine receptor (D3) as a novel target for antipsychotics. Biochem Pharmacol 1992;43:659–666.

69. Sorensen SM, Kehne JH, Fadayel GM, et al. Characterization of the 5-HT2 receptor antagonist MDL 100907 as a putative atypical antipsychotic: behavioral, electrophysiological and neurochemical studies. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1993;266:684–691.

70. Svensson K, Ekman A, Piercey MF, Hoffmann WE, Lum JT, Carlsson A. Effects of the partial dopamine receptor agonists SDZ 208-911, SDZ 208-912 and terguride on central monoamine receptors. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 1991;344:263–274.

71. Tam SW, Steinfels GF, Gilligan PJ, Schmidt WK, Cook L. DuP 734 [1- (cyclopropylmethyl)- 4- (2 (4² -fluorophenyl)- 2-oxoethyl)- piperidine HBR], a sigma and 5-hydroxytryptamine2 receptor antagonist: receptor binding, electrophysiological and neuropharmacological profiles. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1992;263:1167–1174.

72. Van den Borre R, Vermite R, Buttiens M, et al. Risperidone as add on therapy in behavioral disturbances in mental retardation: a double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1993;87:167–171.

73. Van den Bussche G, Heykants J, De Coster R. Pharmacokinetic profile and neuroendocrine effects of the new antipsychotic risperidone. Psychopharmacology 1988;96(Suppl):334.

74. Van Tol HHM, Bunzow JR, Guan HC, et al. Cloning of the gene for a human dopamine D4 receptor with high affinity for the antipsychotic clozapine. Nature 1991;350:610–614.

75. Vartiainen H, Leinonen E, Putkonen A, Lang S, Hagert U, Tolvanen U. A long-term study of remoxipride in chronic schizophrenic patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1993;87:114–117.

76. Volavka J, Zito JM, Vitrai J, Czobar P. Clozapine affects on hostility of aggression in schizophrenia. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1993; 13:287–289.

77. von Bahr C, Movin G, Yisak W-A, Jostell KG, Widman M. Clinical pharmacokinetics of remoxipride. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1992; 82(Suppl 358):41–44.

78. Wadworth AM, Heel RC. Remoxipride. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential in schizophrenia. Drugs 1990;40:863–879.

Back to Chapter

published 2000