Schematic illustration of seizure-induced changes in nontolerant animals (left) who receive carbamazepine (CBZ) after the seizure has occurred. (These effects are also similar to those observed in medication-free kindled animals.) When CBZ-tolerant animals (right) experience the same number of seizures and drug administrations, they fail to show the typical seizure-induced changes in TRH, CRH, GABAA, and glucocorticoid receptors. * indicates the putative endogenous anticonvulsant adaptations that may be lost with contingent tolerance.