Table 1.  Pharmacokinetic Profiles(a)
 
Peak
Absorption
(hrs)
Elimination
Half-Life
 (hrs)
Protein
Binding
(%)
Therapeutic
Range
                 
children
adults
LI
1.5 - 4.5
24-36
24-72
0
0.6 - 1.2 meq/L
CBZ
4 - 5
6-15
10-25
70 - 80
4 - 12 ug/ml
VPA
1 - 6
4-8
10-12
80 - 95
50 - 120 ug/ml
LTG
1.4 - 4.8
na
25
55
50 - 200 mg/day
GBP
2 - 3
na
5-7
< 3
600 - 3600 mg/day (b)
TPM
2
na 
21
15 
100 - 400 mg/day (b)

(a)  Peak serum levels vary substantially due to preparations available: lithium carbonate and citrate (1.5-2 hrs), controlled released lithium (4-4.5 hrs); valproic acid and sodium valproate (1-3 hrs), divalproex Na (4-6 hrs), and divalproex sprinkle (greater than 4 hrs).

(b)  Dose response data in bipolar disorder not available

LI - lithium, CBZ - carbamazepine, VPA - valproate, LTG - lamotrigine, GBP - gabapentin, TPM - topiramate, NA - not available.

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published 2000