Neuronal Growth and Differentiation Factors and Synaptic Plasticity

Paul H. Patterson

REFERENCES

1. Abe K, Xie F, Saito H. Epidermal growth factor enhances short-term potentiation and facilitates inductions of long-term potentiation in rat hippocampal slices. Brain Res 1991;547:171–174.

2. Abe K, Saito H. Epidermal growth factor selectively enhances NMDA receptor-mediated increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentration in rat hippocampal neurons. Brain Res 1992;587:102–108.

3. Abe K, Saito H. Selective enhancement by basic fibroblast growth factor of NMDA receptor-mediated increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentration in hippocampal neurons. Brain Res 1992;595:128–132.

4. Akbari HM, Whitaker-Azmitia PM, Azmitia EC. Prenatal cocaine exposure alters hippocampal serotonin, 5-HT1A receptor, and S-100b immunoreactivity in the neonatal rat. Soc Neurosci 1992;18:340.4.

5. Akesson TR, Mantyh PW, Matt DW, Micevych PE. Estrous cyclicity of 125I-cholecystokinin octapeptide binding in the ventromedial hypothalmic nucleus. Neurendocrinology 1987;45:257–262.

6. Albers HE, Stopa EG, Zoeller RT, et al. Day-night variation in preprovasoactive intestinal peptide/peptide histidine isoleucine mRNA within the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus. Mol Brain Res 1990;7:85–89.

7. Albers HE, Liou S-Y, Stopa EG, Zoeller RT. Interaction of colocalized neuropeptides: functional significance in the circadian timing system. J Neurosci 1991;11:846–851.

8. Anderson DJ. The neural crest cell lineage problem; neuropoiesis? Neuron 1989;3:1–12.

9. Attardi B. Facilitation and inhibition of the estrogen-induced luteinizing hormone surge in the rat by progesterone: effects on cytoplasmic and nuclear estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus-preoptic area, pituitary, and uterus. Endocrinology 1981; 108:1487–1496.

10. Bading H, Ginty DD, Greenberg ME. Regulation of gene expression in hippocampal neurons by distinct calcium signaling pathways. Science 1993;260:181–186.

11. Banner LR, Patterson PH. Tissue distribution, developmental expression and response to injury of rat CDF/LIF and its receptor. Soc Neurosci 1993;19:6.

12. Barbany G, Persson H. Regulation of neurotrophin mRNA expression in the rat brain by glucocorticoids. Eur J Neurosci 1992;4:396–403.

13. Bartfai T, Schultzberg M. Cytokines in neuronal cell types. Neurochem Int 1993;22:435–444.

14. Bazan JF. Neuropoietic cytokines in the hematopoietic fold. Neuron 1991;7:197–208.

15. Bindoni M, Perciavalle V, Berretta S, Belluardo N, Diamanstein T. Interleukin 2 modifies the bioelectric activity of some neurosecretory nuclei in the rat hypothalamus. Brain Res 1988;462:10–14.

16. Black IB, Adler JE, Dreyfus CF, Friedman WF, LaGamma EF, Roach AH. Biochemistry of information storage in the nervous system. Science 1987;236:1263–1268.

17. Breedlove SM. Sexual dimorphism in the vertebrate nervous system. J Neurosci 1992;12:4133–4142.

18. Caroni P, Grandes P. Nerve sprouting in innervated adult skeletal muscle induced by exposure to elevated levels of insulin-like growth factors. J Cell Biol 1990;110:1307–1317.

19. Carter DA, Murphy D. Diurnal rhythm of vasopressin mRNA species in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus: independence of neuroendocrine modulation and maintenance in explant culture. Mol Brain Res 1989;6:233–239.

20. Castren E, Zafra F, Thoenen H, Lindholm D. Light regulates expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA in rat visual cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992;89:9444–9448.

21. Chao MV. Neurotrophin receptors: a window into neuronal differentiation. Neuron 1992;9:583–593.

22. Clatterbuck RE, Price DL, Koliatsos VE. Ciliary neurotrophic factor prevents retrograde neuronal death in the adult central nervous system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993;90:2222–2226.

23. Collarini EJ, Richardson WD. Growth factors for myelinating glial cells in the central and peripheral nervous systems. In: Loughlin SE, Fallon JH, eds. Neurotrophic factors. San Diego: Academic Press, 1993;489–508.

24. Coulombe JN, Nishi R. Stimulation of somatostatin expression in developing cliary ganglion neurons by cells of the choroid layer. J Neurosci 1991;11:553–562.

25. Coulombe JN, Schwall R, Parent AS, Eckenstein FP, Nishi R. Induction of somatostatin immunoreactivity in cultured ciliary ganglion neurons by activin in choroid cell-conditioned medium. Neuron 1993;10:899–906.

26. Cunningham ET Jr, De Souza EB. Interleukin 1 receptors in the brain and endocrine tissues. Immunol Today 1993;14:171–176.

27. D'Arcangelo G, Grassi F, Ragozzino D, Santoni A, Tancredi V, Eusebi F. Interferon inhibits synaptic potentiation in rat hippocampus. Brain Res 1991;564:245–248.

28. Davis S, Aldrich TH, Stahl N, et al. LIFRb and gp130 as heterodimerizing signal transducers of the tripartite CNTF receptor. Science 1993;260:1805–1808.

29. Dekker AJ, Gage FH, Thal LJ. Delayed treatment with nerve growth factor improves acquisition of a spatial task in rats with lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis: evaluation of the involvement of different neurotransmitter systems. Neuroscience 1992;48:111–119.

30. DeVries GJ. Sex differences in neurotransmitter systems. J Neuroendocrinol 1990;2:1–13.

31. Dubner R, Ruda MA. Activity-dependent neuronal plasticity following tissue injury and inflammation. Trends Neurosci 1992; 15:96–103.

32. Dugich-Djordjevic MM, Tocco G, Willoughby DA, et al. BDNF mRNA expression in the developing rat brain following kainic acid-induced seizure activity. Neuron 1992;8:1127–1138.

33. Eckenstein FP, Shipley GD, Nishi R. Acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors in the nervous system: distribution and differential alteration of levels after injury of central versus peripheral nerve. J Neurosci 1991;11:412–419.

34. Ernfors P, Wetmore C, Olson L, Persson H. Identification of cells in rat brain and peripheral tissues expressing mRNA for members of the nerve growth factor family. Neuron 1990;5:511–526.

35. Eysel UT. Remodelling receptive fields in sensory cortices. Curr Biol 1992;2:389–391.

36. Fann M-J, Patterson PH. New members of the neuropoietic cytokine family and activin A regulate the phenotype of cultured sympathetic neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994;[in press].

37. Ferguson IA, Schweitzer JB, Johnson EM Jr. Basic fibroblast growth factor: receptor-mediated internalization, metabolism, and anterograde axonal transport in retinal ganglion cells. J Neurosci 1990;10:2176–2189.

38. Fischer W, Bjorklund A, Chen K, Gage FH. NGF improves spatial memory in aged rodents as a function of age. J Neurosci 1991;11:1889–1906.

39. French KA, Kristan WB Jr. Target influences on the development of leech neurons. Trends Neurosci 1992;15:169–174.

40. Fukada K. Hormonal control of neurotransmitter choice in sympathetic neurone cultures. Nature 1980;287:553–555.

41. Gearing DP. The leukemia inhibitory factor and its receptor. Adv Immunol 1993;53:31–58.

42. Goodman RH. Regulation of neuropeptide gene expression. Annu Rev Neurosci 1990;13:111–127.

43. Greenough WT, Bailey CH. The anatomy of a memory: convergence of results across a diversity of tests. Trends Neurosci 1988;11:142–147.

44. Gurney ME, Yamamoto H, Kwon Y. Induction of motor neuron sprouting in vivo by ciliary neurotrophic factor and basic fibroblast growth factor. J Neurosci 1992;12:3241–3247.

45. Hageman GS, Kirchoff-Rempe MA, Lewis GP, Fisher SK, Anderson DH. Sequestration of basic fibroblast growth factor in the primate retinal interphotoreceptor matrix. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991;88:6706–6710.

46. Hammill RW, Schroeder B. Hormonal regulation of adult sympathetic neurons: the effects of castration on neuropeptide Y, norepinephrine, and tyrosine hydroxylase activity. J Neurobiol 1990; 21:731–742.

47. Hart RP, Shadiack AM, Jonakait GM. Substance P gene expression is regulated by interleukin-1 in cultured sympathetic ganglia. J Neurosci Res 1991;29:282–291.

48. Henderson CE, Camu W, Mettling C, et al. Neurotrophins promote motor neuron survival and are present in embryonic limb bud. Nature 1993;363:266–270.

49. Hendry IA, Murphy M, Hilton DJ, Nicola NA, Bartlett PF. Binding and retrograde transport of leukemia inhibitory factor by the sensory nervous system. J Neurosci 1992;12:3427–3434.

50. Hisajima H, Saito H, Abe K, Nishiyama N. Effects of acidic fibroblast growth factor on hippocampal long-term potentiation in fasted rats. J Neurosci Res 1992;31:549–553.

51. Hughes RA, Sendtner M, Goldfarb M, Lindholm D, Thoenen H. Evidence that fibroblast growth factor 5 is a major muscle-derived survival factor for cultured spinal motoneurons. Neuron 1993; 10:369–377.

52. Hutchins J, Jefferson V. Developmental distribution of platelet-derived growth-factor in the mouse central-nervous-system. Dev Brain Res 1992;67:121–135.

53. Hyatt-Sachs H, Schreiber RC, Bennett TA, Zigmond RE. Phenotypic plasticity in adult sympathetic ganglia in vivo: effects of deafferentation and axotomy on the expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide. J Neurosci 1993;13:1642–1653.

54. Imaki T, Nahan J-L, Rivier C, Sawchenko PE, Vale W. Differential regulation of corticotropin-releasing factor mRNA in rat brain regions by glucocorticoids and stress. J Neurosci 1991;11:585–599.

55. Isackson PJ, Huntsman MM, Murray KD, Gall CM. BDNF mRNA expression is increased in adult rat forebrain after limbic seizures: temporal patterns of induction distinct from NGF. Neuron 1991;6:937–948.

56. Ishii DN. Neurobiology of insulin and insulin-like growth factors. In: Loughlin SE, Fallon JH, eds. Neurotrophic factors. New York: Academic Press, 1992;415–442.

57. Ishiyama J, Saito H, Abe K. Epidermal growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor promote the generation of long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus of anesthetized rats. Neurosci Res 1991;12:403–411.

58. Kandel ER, O'Dell TJ. Are adult learning mechanisms also used for development? Science 1992;258:243–245.

59. Kishimoto T, Akira S, Taga T. Interleukin-6 and its receptor: a paradigm for cytokines. Science 1992;258:593–597.

60. Koliatsos VE, Clatterbuck RE, Winslow JW, Cayouette MH, Price DL. Evidence that brain-derived neurotrophic factor is a trophic factor for motor neurons in vivo. Neuron 1993;10:359–367.

61. Korsching S. The neurotrophic factor concept: a reexamination. J Neurosci 1993;13:2739–2748.

62. Landis SC. Target regulation of neurotransmitter phenotype. Trends Neurosci 1990;13:344–350.

63. Lauder JM. Neurotransmitters as growth regulatory signals: role of receptors and second messengers. Trends Neurosci 1993;16:233–240.

64. Lehman MN, Silver R, Gladstone WR, Kahn RM, Gibson M, Bittman EL. Circadian rhythmicity restored by neural transplant: immunocytochemical characterization of the graft and its integration with the host brain. J Neurosci 1987;7:1626–1636.

65. LeRoith D, Roberts CT Jr., Werner H, Bondy C, Raizada M, Adamo M. Insulin-like growth factors in the brain. In: Laughlin SE, Fallon JH, eds. Neurotrophic factors. New York: Academic Press, 1992;391–414.

66. Leung DW, Parent AS, Cachianes G, et al. Cloning, expression during development, and evidence for release of a trophic factor for ciliary ganglion neurons. Neuron 1992;8:1045–1053.

67. Levine JD, Dardick SJ, Roizen MF, Helms C, Basbaum AI. Contribution of sensory afferents and sympathetic efferents to joint injury in experimental arthritis. J Neurosci 1986;6:3423–3429.

68. Lin L-FH, Doherty DH, Like JD, Bektesh S, Collins F. GDNF: a glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor for midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Science 1993;260:1130–1132.

69. Lindholm D, Castren E, Hengerer B, Zafra F, Berninger-Benedikt B, Thoenen H. Differential regulation of nerve growth factor (NGF) synthesis in neurons and astrocytes by glucocorticoid hormones. Eur J Neurosci 1992;4:404–410.

70. Lindsay RM, Harmar AJ. Nerve growth factor regulates expression of neuropeptide genes in adult sensory neurons. Nature 1989; 337:362–364.

71. Lu B, Yokoyama M, Dreyfus CF, Black IB. Depolarizing stimuli regulate nerve growth factor gene expression in cultured hippocampal neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991;88:6289–6292.

72. Maffei L, Berardi N, Domenici L, Parisi V, Pizzorusso T. Nerve growth factor (NGF) prevents the shift in ocular dominance distribution of visual cortical neurons in monocularly deprived rats. J Neurosci 1992;12:4651–4662.

73. Martinou J, Martinou I, Kato AC. Cholinergic differentiation factor (CDF/LIF) promotes survival of isolated rat embryonic motoneurons in vitro. Neuron 1992;8:737–744.

74. Mayford M, Barzilai A, Keller F, Schacher S, Kandel ER. Modulation of an NCAM-related adhesion molecule with long-term plasticity in Aplysia. Science 1992;256:638–644.

75. McLennan IS, Hill CE, Hendry IA. Glucocorticoids modulate transmitter choice in developing superior cervical ganglion. Nature 1980;283:206–207.

76. Merchenthaler I, Lopez FJ, Lennard DE, Negro-Vilar A. Sexual differences in the distribution of neurons co-expressing galanin and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in the rat brain. Endocrinology 1991;129:1977–1986.

77. Minami M, Kuraishi Y, Satoh M. Effects of kainic acid on messenger RNA levels of IL-1b, IL-6, TNFa and LIF in the rat brain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1991;176:593–598.

78. Morrison R. Epidermal growth factor: structure, expression, and functions in the central nervous system. In: Laughlin SE, Fallon JH, eds. Neurotrophic factors. New York: Academic Press, 1992;339–358.

79. Murakami N, Takamure M, Takahashi K, Utunomiya K, Kuroda H, Etoh T. Long-term cultured neurons from rat suprachismatic nucleus retain the capacity for circadian oscillation of vasopressin release. Brain Res 1991;545:347–350.

80. Murphy M, Reid K, Brown MA, Bartlett PF. Involvement of leukemia inhibitory factor and nerve growth factor in the development of dorsal root ganglion neurons. Development 1993;117:1173–11182.

81. Naruse I, Kato K, Asano T, Suzuki F, Kameyama Y. Developmental brain abnormalities accompanied with the retarded production of S-100b protein in genetic polydactyly mice. Dev Brain Res 1990;51:253–258.

82. Nawa H, Yamamori T, Le T, Patterson PH. Generation of neuronal diversity: analogies and homologies with hematopoiesis. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 1990;55:247–253.

83. Nawa H, Bessho Y, Carnahan J, Nakanishi S, Mizuno K. Regulation of neuropeptide expression in cultured cerebral cortical neurons by BDNF. J Neurochem 1993;60:772–775.

84. Nedivi E, Hevroni D, Naot D, Israeli D, Citri Y. Numerous candidate plasticity-related genes revealed by differential cDNA cloning. Nature 1993;363:718–722.

85. Nicola NA, Metcalf D. Subunit promiscuity among hemopoietic growth factor receptors. Cell 1991;67:1–4.

86. Okamoto S, Okamura H, Miyake M, et al. A diurnal variation of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) mRNA under a daily light–dark cycle in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus. Histochemistry 1991;95:535–528.

87. Oppenheim RW. Cell death during development of the nervous system. Annu Rev Neurosci 1991;14:453–501.

88. Oppenheim RW, Prevette D, Qin-Wei Y, Collins F, MacDonald J. Control of embryonic motoneuron survival in vivo by ciliary neurotrophic factor. Science 1991;251:1616–1618.

89. Oro AE, Simerly RB, Swanson LW. Estrous cycle variations in levels of cholecystokinin immunoreactivity within cells of three interconnected sexually dimporphic forebrain nuclei. Neuroendocrinology 1988;47:225–235.

90. Patterson PH. Environmental determination of autonomic neurotransmitter functions. Annu Rev Neurosci 1978;1:1–17.

91. Patterson PH, Fann M-J. Further studies of the distribution of CDF/LIF mRNA. Ciba Foundation Symp 1992;167:125–140.

92. Patterson PH, Grover LM, Schwartzkroin PA, Bothwell M. Neurotrophin expression in rat hippocampal slices—a stimulus paradigm inducing LTP in CA1 evokes increases in BDNF and NT-3 messenger-RNAs. Neuron 1992;9:1081–1088.

93. Patterson PH. The emerging neuropoeitic cytokine family: first CDF/LIF, CNTF and IL-6; next ONC, MGF and GCSF? Curr Opin Neurobiol 1992;2:94–97.

94. Patterson PH, Bugga L, Stewart CL. CDF/LIF-deficient mice display an altered complement of neuronal phenotypes in the CNS. Soc Neurosci 1993;19:710.

95. Patterson PH, Nawa H. Neuronal differentiation factors/cytokines and synaptic plasticity. Cell 1993;72:123–137.

96. Phillips HS, Hains JM, Armanini M, Laramee GR, Johnson SA, Winslow JW. BDNF mRNA is decreased in the hippocampus of individuals with Alzheimer's disease. Neuron 1991;7:695–702.

97. Presta M, Rifkin DB. Immunoreactive basic fibroblast growth factor-like proteins in chromaffin granules. J Neurochem 1991;56:1087–1088.

98. Puolakkainen P, Twardzik DR. Transforming growth factors alpha and beta. In: Loughlin SE, Fallon JH, eds. Neurotrophic factors. San Diego: Academic Press, 1993;359–389.

99. Purves D, Lichtman JW. Principles of neural development. Sutherland, MA: Sinauer Associates, 1985.

100. Purves D, Hadley RD, Voyvodic JT. Dynamic changes in the dendritic geometry of individual neurons visualized over periods up to three months in the superior vervical ganglion of living mice. J Neurosci 1986;6:1051–1060.

101. Ralph MR, Foster RG, Davis FC, Menaker M. Transplanted suprachiasmatic nucleus determines circadian period. Science 1990; 247:975–978.

102. Ramon y Cajal S. Histologie du système de l'homme et des vertèbres (1952 reprint). Madrid: Instituto Ramon y Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Scientifique, 1909.

103. Rao MS, Patterson PH, Landis SC. Multiple cholinergic differentiation factors are present in footpad extracts: comparison with known cholinergic factors. Development 1992;731–744.

104. Rao MS, Symes A, Malik N, Shoyab M, Fink JS, Landis SC. Oncostatin M regulates VIP expression in a human neuroblastoma cell line. Neuroreport 1992;3:865–868.

105. Rao MS, Tyrrell S, Landis SC, Patterson PH. Effects of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and depolarization on neuropeptide expression in cultured sympathetic neurons. Dev Biol 1992; 150:281–293.

106. Rao MS, Sun Y, Vaidyanathan U, Landis SC, Zigmond RE. Regulation of Substance P is similar to that of vasoactive intestinal peptide after axotomy or explanation of the rat superior cervical ganglion. J Neurobiol 1993;24:571–580.

107. Rao MS, Sun Y, Escary JL, Perreau J, Tresser S, Patterson PH, Zigmond RE, Brulet P, Landis SC. Leukemia inhibitory factor mediates an injury response but not a target-directed developmental transmitter switch in sympathetic neurons. Neuron 1994;11:1175–1185.

108. Reist NE, Werle MJ, McMahan UJ. Agrin released by motor neurons induces the aggregation of acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junctions. Neuron 1992;8:865–868.

109. Roach A, Adler JE, Black IB. Depolarizing influences regulate preprotachykinin mRNA in sympathetic neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987;84:5078–5081.

110. Rohrer H. Cholinergic neuronal differentiation factors: evidence for the presence of both CNTF-like and non-CNTF-like factors in developing rat footpad. Development 1992;114:689–698.

111. Rose TM, Bruce AG. Oncostatin M is a member of a cytokine family that includes leukemia-inhibitory factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and interleukin 6. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991;88:8641–8645.

112. Rothwell NJ, Relton JK. Involvement of cytokines in acute neurodegeneration in the CNS. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 1993;17:217–227.

113. Ruegg MA, Tsim KWK, Horton SE, et al. The agrin gene codes for a family of basal lamina proteins that differ in function and distribution. Neuron 1992;8:691–699.

114. Rupp F, Hoch W, Campanelli JT, Kreiner T, Scheller RH. Agrin and the organization of the neuromuscular junction. Curr Opin Neurobiol 1992;2:88–93.

115. Rydhstrom H, Walles B, Owman C. Effects of oophorectomy, sympathetic denervation and sex steroids on uterine norepinephrine content and myometrial contractile response to norepinephrine in the guinea pig. Neuroendocrinology 1990;52:332–336.

116. Saadat S, Sendtner M, Rohrer H. Ciliary neurotrophic factor induces cholinergic differentiation of rat sympathetic neurons in culture. J Cell Biol 1989;108:1807–1816.

117. Sastry BR, Chirwa SS, May PBY, Maretic H. Substances released during tetanic stimulation of rabbit neocortex induce neurite growth in PC-12 cells and long-term potentiation in guinea pig hippocampus. Neurosci Lett 1988;91:101–105.

118. Scarborough DE, Lee SL, Dinarello CA, Reichlin S. Interleukin-1b stimulates somatostatin biosynthesis in primary cultures of fetal rat brain. Endocrinology 1989;124:549–551.

119. Schecterson LC, Bothwell M. Novel roles for neurotrophins are suggested by BDNF and NT-3 mRNA expression in developing neurons. Neuron 1992;9:449–463.

120. Schlessinger J, Ullrich A. Growth factor signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases. Neuron 1992;9:383–391.

121. Sendtner M, Kreutzberg GW, Thoenen H. Ciliary neurotrophic factor prevents the degeneration of motor neurons after axotomy. Nature 1990;345:440–441.

122. Sendtner M, Schmalbruch H, Stockil KA, Carroll P, Kreutzberg GW, Thoenen H. Ciliary neurotrophic factor prevents degeneration of motor neurons in mouse mutant progressive motor neuronopathy. Nature 1992;358:502–504.

123. Simerly RB. Hormonal control of neuropeptide gene expression in sexually dimorphic olfactory pathways. Trends Neurosci 1990;13:104–110.

124. Stanton PK, Sarvey JM. Blockade of long-term potentiation in rat hippocampal CA1 region by inhibitors of protein synthesis. J Neurosci 1984;4:3080–3088.

125. Stephan FK, Zucker I. Circadian rhythms in drinking behavior and locomoter activity of rats eliminated by hypothalmic lesions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1972;69:1583–1586.

126. Stevens CF. Quantal release of neurotransmitter and long-term potentiation. Cell 1993;72:55–63.

127. Strand FL, Rose KJ, Zuccarelli LA, et al. Neuropeptide hormones as neurotrophic factors. Physiol Rev 1991;71:1017–1046.

128. Swanson LW. Biochemical switching in hypothalamic circuits mediating responses to stress. Prog Brain Res 1991;87:181–200.

129. Taga T, Kishimoto T. Cytokine receptors and signal transduction. FASEB J 1992;6:3387–3396.

130. Takahashi JS. Cellular basis of circadian rhythms in the avian pineal. In: Hiroshige T, Honma K, eds. Comparative aspects of circadian clocks. Tokyo: Hokkaido University Press, 1987;3–15.

131. Tancredi V, D'Arcangelo G, Grassi F, et al. Tumor necrosis factor alters synaptic transmission in rat hippocampal slices. Neurosci Lett 1992;146:176–178.

132. Tchelingerian J-L, Quinonero J, Booss J, Jacque C. Localization of TNFa and IL-1a immunoreactivities in striatal neurons after surgical injury to the hippocampus. Neuron 1993;10:213–224.

133. Terlau H, Siefert W. Influence of epidermal growth factor on long-term potentiation in the hippocampal slice. Brain Res 1989;484:352–356.

134. Terlau H, Siefert W. Fibroblast growth factor enhances long-term potentiation in the hippocampal slice. Eur J Neurosci 1990;2:973–977.

135. Thoenen H. The changing scene of neurotrophic factors. Trends Neurosci 1991;14:165–170.

136. Ueda S, Gu XF, Azmitia EC. Serotonergic fibers are not developed in the hippocampus and neocortex in the S-100b retarded mutant mouse (Polydactyly nagoya). Soc Neurosci 1992;18:340.9.

137. Uhl GR, Reppert SM. Suprachiasmatic nucleus vasopressin messenger RNA: circadian variation in normal and Brattleboro rats. Science 1986;232:390–393.

138. Unsicker K, Bieger S, Blottner D, et al. The trophic cocktail made by chromaffin cells. Res Neurol Neurosci 1992;4:174.

139. Unsicker K, Grothe C, Ludecke G, Otto D, Westermann R. Fibroblast growth factors: their roles in the central and peripheral nervous system. In: Laughlin SE, Fallon JH, eds. Neurotrophic factors. New York: Academic Press, 1992;313–338.

140. Unsicker K, Gehrke D, Stogbauer F, Westermann R. Trophic factors from chromaffin granules promote survival of peripheral and central nervous system neurons. Exp Neurol 1993;123:167–173.

141. Vaidya U, Morin L, Wells MR. Circadian variation in S100 protein in hamster CNS. Soc Neurosci 1992;18:511.14.

142. Vandesande F, Dierick K, De Mey J. Identification of the vasopressin/neurophysin producing neurons of the rat suprachiasmatic nuclei. Cell Tissue Res 1975;156:377–380.

143. Watts AG, Swanson LW. Diurnal variations in the content of preprocoticotropin-releasing hormone messenger ribonucleic acids in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of rats of both sexes as measured by in situ hybridization. Endocrinology 1989;125:1734–1738.

144. Westermann R, Johannsen M, Unsicker K, Grothe C. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) immunoreactivity is present in chromaffin granules. J Neurochem 1990;55:285–292.

145. Wetmore C, Cao Y, Petterson RF, Olson L. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor: subcellular compartmentalization and interneuronal transfer as visualized with anti-peptide antibodies. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991;88:9843–9847.

146. Wigston DJ. Remodeling of neuromuscular junctions in adult mouse soleus. J Neurosci 1989;9:639–647.

147. Woolley CS, McEwen BS. Estradiol mediates fluctuation in hippocampal synapse density during the estrous cycle in the adult rat. J Neurosci 1992;12:2549–2554.

148. Xie Z, Morishita W, Kam T, Maretic H, Sastry BR. Studies on substances that induce long-term potentiation in guinea-pig hippocampal slices. Neuroscience 1991;43:11–20.

149. Yamamori T. Localization of cholinergic differentiation factor/leukemia inhibitory factor mRNA in the rat brain and peripheral tissues. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991;88:7298–7302.

150. Yan Q, Elliott J, Snider WD. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor rescues spinal motor neurons from axotomy-induced cell death. Nature 1992;360:753–755.

151. Zafra F, Castren E, Thoenen H, Lindholm D. Interplay between glutamate and g-aminobutyric acid transmitter systems in the physiological regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor synthesis in hippocampal neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991;88:10037–10041.

152. Zeise ML, Madamba S, Siggins GR. Interleukin-1b increases synaptic inhibition in rat hippocampal pyramidal neurons in vitro. Regul Pept 1992;39:1–7.

153. Zigmond RE, Schwarzschild MA, Rittenhouse AR. Acute regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase by nerve activity and by neurotransmitters via phosphorylation. Annu Rev Neurosci 1989;12:415–461.

154. Zigmond RE, Hyatt-Sachs H, Baldwin C, et al. Phenotypic plasticity in adult sympathetic neurons: changes in neuropeptide expression in organ culture. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992;89:1507–1511.

Back to Chapter

published 2000